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This book encourages Children on 3R’s (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle)

There is a resurgent interest in the study of ‘urban commons’ in critical geography scholarship as a way to reimagine cities beyond the pervasive neoliberal framing. Inspired by this body of work, this paper explores the processes through which marginalised groups, despite their many socio-economic limitations, negotiate and transform their sparse urban resources into ‘commons’ to survive in cities. We use qualitative interviews and participant observations to examine two case studies of informal settlements in Dhaka and Khulna city in Bangladesh. The ‘commons identikit’ is used to analyse how informal settlers negotiate survival by enacting particular social relationships among themselves and beyond, ensuring access, use, and exchange of materials and ideas, as well as distributing care, benefits, and responsibility of their commons. By bringing a commons perspective to the pre-existing and emerging local tactics, we highlight the logics and relationality that help these communities make efforts of collective survival and aspire to a better future. We argue that there are significant practical benefits to recognising the self-organising logics of the precariously positioned communities in the city. Furthermore, commoning the city constitutes a major extension of the theorisation of urban informal settlements and the city as urban commons.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find out the causes of increasing population in the real estate area. The demographic in information of the respondents and the level of satisfaction was also carried out for this study. Design/methodology/approach The authors use both primary and secondary data. Total 329 respondents were surveyed at the real estate area after completing sample size determination. Secondary data was collected from journals, real estate offices and papers. After that, using regression and correlation analysis, the data was analyzed and finalized. Findings This study identified migration as the most critical variable. The study determined ten hypotheses and only accepted two. By that, this study finds out the causes of the increasing demand of plots and flats in real estate. Originality/value This study will work as a baseline study for the real estate sector in Bangladesh. Most of the research on Bangladesh’s real estate is done mainly on real estate market assessment and consumer satisfaction. Nevertheless, this study will find out the causes of the increasing population in real estate.

Non-motorized transport (NMT) is a suitable and long-term mode of travel for both developing and developed countries. Although NMT is an integral part of urban mobility, it has received less attention in municipal planning and construction. This study explores the state of NMT services and facilities provided by local government institutions in Bangladesh. Data were collected via verbal interviews and questionnaires from 120 participants, covering socioeconomic factors, travel patterns, and satisfaction with NMT (accessibility, infrastructure, safety, environmental impact). Each factor's level of satisfaction ranged from poor to excellent, as judged by a 4-point Likert scale. Results reveal strong correlations among variables, such as noise and dust conditions (0.816) and negative correlation between public transport access and efficient speed (-0.615). PCA explained 24% of total variance, highlighting noise and dust as major issues influencing mode choice in Bangladesh.