Members’ Publication

Environmental pollution is a major health hazard that affects millions of people worldwide. Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to environmental pollution due to its high population density, unplanned urbanization, and inadequate environmental management practices. This research paper focuses on the regionalization of Bangladesh based on environmental pollution to determine disease-prone regions. To conduct the analysis, data were collected from various sources such as BBS and then processed and analyzed using statistical software, such as SPSS, to assess the level of pollution in different regions of Bangladesh. Additionally, GIS (Geographic Information System) software was utilized to integrate spatial data and visualize the regional distribution of environmental pollution and disease prevalence. This enabled the identification of disease-prone regions and the determination of the areas most influenced by disease transmission. The identified disease-prone regions can serve as a basis for targeted interventions and resource allocation to mitigate the health risks associated with pollution. Moreover, the determination of influenced areas aids in implementing effective strategies to control the spread of diseases.

The rollout of driverless cars (DC) may reshape human mobility drastically. Urban roads may face a surge of car traffic if DC technologies continue to enhance the use of private cars. Shared DC use can remedy this by reducing the number of urban trips that non-shared-use DC could otherwise make. While recent research has proven the importance of socioeconomic factors on shared DC use, the influence of present sharing behaviour, personality traits, and social norms on shared DC use has not been extensively explored to date. To address this gap in this study, we employed a panel of 500 Edinburgh-based respondents through an online survey to examine the likelihood of accepting the non-shared-use and shared-use DC options for regular urban trips. We have collected data on respondents’ present carsharing and ridesharing behaviour, personality traits, social norms, and sociodemographic characteristics. To elicit the impact of these factors on the likelihood of accepting non-shared-use and shared-used DC options, ordered probit models were estimated. The model findings imply that frequent household car users and those influenced by social expectations to preserve the environment are willing to use non-shared-use DC. In contrast, city centre dwellers, cooperative and younger adults with sharing attitudes show a higher tendency towards shared DC. High-earning, working-aged and young respondents are more inclined to use a driverless taxi, whereas city-centre dwellers and those influenced by social expectations to share personal resources are more favourable towards ridesharing with a stranger in DC. These results can assist the policymakers and transport planners shape policies for promoting shared DC use and transport service providers to deliver and operate shared DC fleets efficiently.

Recently a comprehensive traffic safety study for the two main corridors was conducted in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The main aim of the study was to analyze the causes of various traffic safety related issues in the Eastern Province. This was done with regards to traffic crashes with fatalities in-particular; some of the methods employed included collecting data on traffic volumes, highway speeds, travel times, traffic crashes, and conducting the road safety audit. These methods helped develop several countermeasures which targeted to reduce crashes and the severity levels associated with them, and hence improve the overall traffic safety situation in the area. This paper explains a sketch planning approach for the application of Highway Safety Manual (HSM) based crash prediction methods using road safety audit data, to help estimate reduction in crashes due to proposed improvements. The selection of the two corridors was to best represent the transportation network in the Eastern Province which consists of several different types of facilities including urban, suburban, and rural roads. Comprehensive road safety audit was performed on two corridors and the data collected thereof was archived into reporting templates. After thorough evaluation of the data collected in the safety audit process, improvements to root causes of traffic safety concerns were recommended; the HSM based crash prediction methods were applied to see the effectiveness of the improvements suggested. Reports were prepared for each of the data collection items. While the results show reduction in traffic crashes based on improvements to the corridors, this approach could contribute in its true essence when applied in combination with several other traffic safety improvement strategies.

Safety experts and transportation departments are focused on reducing road accidents and their societal and economic effects. The most crucial step in establishing a successful road safety practice is identifying dangerous highway zones through the study of crashes and looking at how the location of accidents relates to surrounding geography and other factors. Using the latest cutting-edge GIS analytical methods, this study aims to map the locations of accident hot spots and evaluate the severity and spatial extent of crash occurrences in Ohio. Road traffic crash (RTC) data has been analyzed using sophisticated GIS-based hot spot analysis for decades by safety researchers. Using four years’ worth of crash data from the state of Ohio and spatial autocorrelation analysis, this study aims to show how a GIS technique can be used to find places where accidents are likely to happen (2017–2020). The study analyzed and ranked crash hotspot areas using the matching severity levels of RTCs. Cluster zones of high and low crash severity were discovered using the spatial autocorrelation tool and the Getis Ord Gi* statistics tool to evaluate the distribution of RTCs. The analysis used Getis Ord Gi*, the crash severity index, and Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation of accident events. The findings indicated that these techniques were useful for identifying and rating crash hotspot locations. Since the sites of the identified accident hotspots are located in significant cities in the state of Ohio, such as Cleveland, Cincinnati, Toledo, and Columbus, the organizations in charge of traffic management should make it their top priority to minimize the negative socioeconomic impact that RTCs have and should also conduct a thorough investigation. This study’s contribution is the incorporation of crash severity into hot spot analysis using GIS, which could lead to better-informed decision-making in the realm of highway safety