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Bangladesh is an agriculture-dependent country and very often this sector struggles a lot due to various natural hazards including drought and flood. Almost every year in kharif crop season, Bangladesh undergoes through drought which causes a lot of yield loss. So, this has become important to identify the drought-prone areas to reduce the risk of crops yield loss and for policymaking to suggest alternative drought-tolerant crops. The agricultural drought is related to soil properties because of having spatially dynamic in nature. In the present study, agricultural drought has been assessed comprising meteorological drought of kharif season and water holding capacity (WHC) in Geographic Information System (GIS) platform, as GIS is a widely used as a powerful tool to manage and model the spatial data. The metrological drought map has prepared by rainfall data with the calculation of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) using GIS and WHC of soil map has converted from soil texture map. Finally, the agricultural drought map has been derived by overlying metrological drought map and WHC of soil map. The study has found that the north-west and south-west region along with Barisal division of Bangladesh are more prone to agricultural drought area than the other parts. Some districts of the middle part of the country (Dhaka, Manikganj and Faridpur: 492 km2) also suffered in extreme agricultural drought during kharif season.

The structure of the industrial sectors of a region is a driving factor to explain the growth of a region's economy. In Bangladesh, spatial variation in economic growth exists among different regions. A primary factor in this variation is the economic structure of the region, which can be characterized by basic and non-basic sectors. Economic base theory helps to understand how data can be used to study the economic development process and evaluate alternating development strategies. The aim of the study, thus, is to identify the basic and non-basic sectors using economic base theory and to explore the short-run regional economic structure in selected districts. Data of selected districts from economic census, 2003, and 2013 has been analyzed for thirteen sectors. The comparative analysis of the selected districts reveals that all of the districts except Bandarban are becoming economically weak during the timeframe. In contrast, Bhola district is in economic malaise relative to the other districts. The lagging behind the Transport, Storage, and Communication sector triggers to the disadvantaged economic condition for all the districts during the timeframe. The findings of this study would act as a reference for regional planners to allocate resources in different economic sectors of these districts.

Rapid urbanization and changes in land use land cover (LULC) have affected the thermal character of cities across the globe. Researchers found that Remote Sensing (RS) based urban biophysical composition-vegetation coverage, built-up area coverage, impervious surface coverage, soil fractions can significantly explain land surface temperature (LST) variation both at a local and regional scale. Taking Dhaka City, Bangladesh, as an example, this study aimed at exploring the effect of biophysical composition on LST in the year 2020 and find out Urban Heat Island (UHI) clusters with different LST setting using spatial autocorrelation technique. We found that LST presented a significant positive correlation with Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), road percentage, and negative correlation with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalised Difference Bareness Index (NDBaI), porosity, water percentage, open space percentage. Further, the study conducted local Moran's I and Hot Spots (Getis-Ord-Gi statistics) analysis to find out the location of UHI clusters. Findings showed that 34 % of neighborhoods fall within one of the four spatial patterns of UHI clusters. Study findings would help urban planners and policymakers to have cogent understating on the relationship between urban thermal behavior, and its surface biophysical composition at fine spatial scales and hopes to provide a valuable reference for community planning, resource allocation, and sustainable development.

Water is another name of life. The standard of quality of life in an urban area is much dependent on the extent of the availability of drinking water. Water supply is the basic responsibility of any city or town authority. Getting standard quality water is the basic need of the people. In Bangladesh, people who are living in urban areas receive piped water supply. A planned water supply system is compulsory for serving urban people with an adequate quantity of supply water of good quality. Comilla Municipality started supplying water in 1925 with few distribution mains. After forming a new Comilla City Corporation (CoCC) in 2011, the water supply system was newly maintained and operated jointly by DPHE (Department of Public Health and Engineering) and CoCC. But the planning has drawbacks and the amount of pure water supply is inadequate compared to the need. Roughly 30% of families in slums suffer from acute water shortages for daily requirements inside CoCC area. This unhygienic condition causes severe health problems for these people. Urban expansion is prevalent with the constant increase in population but water supply provision is not increasing at the same rate. Even though the urban area is expanding constantly, the political boundary is an area of 53.04 km2 which was 37.50 km2 in 1982. The growth of built-up areas expands over the political area. The expansion of residential areas to the northern part of the city is the main problem for decreased agricultural land.

The geographical location and development of Bangladesh means that the country is vulnerable to tropical cyclones. Cyclones are becoming more frequent and severe due to the effects of climate change [1]. Since 2007, more than 5000 people have died, and damage runs into billions of dollars due to cyclones. This study aims to conduct an assessment of early preparation measures on cyclonic events since the 1970s with an emphasis on cyclone Amphan, May 2020 in Bangladesh. The study adopted a desk-based systematic survey of secondary literature. Technological advancement and better communication improve early warning significantly. However, the results show that the disaster preparedness to reduce the effect of cyclonic disaster has many limitations which need to be addressed, particularly by (i) involvement of mosques’ Imams (leaders) and school teachers in warning dissemination management since they are the most respected people in the society and, (ii) awareness of, and improved confidence in early warning and evacuation orders with (iii) gender issues addressed to facilitate equality in decision making. The quantity and quality of cyclone shelters need to be improved to ensure sufficient space. There appears to be a role for security forces in the emergency evacuation process as they have proven effective during Covid-19, where they were deployed to ensure that citizens did not leave home unnecessarily, which minimized the death toll. Continuous review and research on disaster risk reduction needs to be conducted, at all stages of cyclonic disaster management as increased severity and frequency of cyclones unavoidable for Bangladesh.